{"id":8870,"date":"2026-08-21T02:46:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T02:46:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/?p=8870"},"modified":"2026-08-21T02:46:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T02:46:15","slug":"embedding-video-in-email-without-spam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/email-best-practices\/embedding-video-in-email-without-spam\/","title":{"rendered":"Embedding Video in Email Without Getting Flagged as Spam"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>TL;DR<\/strong>: Real video playback only works in Apple Mail, which leaves two techniques that hold up everywhere: a clickable thumbnail linking to a hosted video, or a short GIF loop that fakes the playback. Both keep the file outside the message, and that&#8217;s what protects deliverability. Attaching a video is the one move that reliably gets a campaign filtered. Host on YouTube, Vimeo, or your own CDN, keep the HTML under 102KB so Gmail doesn&#8217;t clip it, and warm the domain before you send anything image-heavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two details decide whether any of this survives contact with a real inbox. The play button has to be baked into the image file, because absolutely positioned CSS collapses in Outlook and leaves you with a bare thumbnail. And if you go the GIF route, frame one has to be a finished composition, since Outlook on Windows renders that single frame and discards the rest of the loop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, you need to keep in mind that an attached video file increases the actual message payload, which is what security gateways weigh. Gmail\u2019s 102KB clipping threshold counts only your HTML, so hosted images and video files sit outside it entirely. And a domain with no sending history carries an image-heavy campaign worse than a warmed one, however light the file is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The open and click lift recorded for video campaigns was measured on emails that link out to a hosted video. Emails with playback inside were never part of that sample, which means the gain lies in the promise you make in the subject line and the creative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s the part most guides bury: a real video player almost never works in email. The HTML5 <code>&lt;video&gt;<\/code> tag sits at roughly 24% estimated support across tracked clients, and Apple Mail\u2019s the only mainstream client where it reliably plays. Gmail rips the tags out. Outlook shows the element and refuses to play it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That doesn\u2019t mean you skip video. How to send a video via email has a different answer than most people expect. You embed video in email as a clickable thumbnail pointing to a hosted file, or you fake the playback with a GIF. Both render everywhere, and neither puts a heavy file in the message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-1-hero-2x-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Video thumbnail with play button embedded in an email preview, showing the HTML5 video tag at about 24% support\" class=\"wp-image-8871\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-1-hero-2x-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-1-hero-2x-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-1-hero-2x-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-1-hero-2x-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-1-hero-2x-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-1-hero-2x-800x450.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why real video barely works in email<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Email clients don\u2019t behave like browsers. Most strip anything that executes or streams on its own, which rules out video players and any embed code from YouTube or Vimeo. The <code>&lt;video><\/code> element then gets handled in four different ways, explained below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gmail<\/strong> replaces <code>&lt;video><\/code>, <code>&lt;source><\/code>, and <code>&lt;track><\/code> with empty <code>&lt;u>&lt;\/u><\/code> tags. Anything you nest inside survives and displays.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yahoo Mail, AOL, and Outlook.com<\/strong> strip the tags and show the fallback content instead.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fastmail and 1&amp;1<\/strong> delete the element along with everything inside it. Your fallback disappears with it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Apple Mail<\/strong> plays it, though iOS needs the <code>controls<\/code> attribute and ignores <code>autoplay<\/code> entirely.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The thumbnail method: The safest way to embed video in email<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is how to embed a video in an email in a way that survives everywhere. Place a static image that looks like a player, wrap it in a link, send the click to a hosted page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YOUR_VIDEO_ID?utm_source=newsletter\" target=\"_blank\"&gt;\n  &lt;img src=\"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/walkthrough-thumb.jpg\"\n       width=\"600\" alt=\"Watch the 2-minute product walkthrough\"\n       style=\"display:block;width:100%;max-width:600px;border:0;\"&gt;\n&lt;\/a&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The detail people get wrong is the play button. Overlaying a triangle with absolute CSS positioning breaks in Outlook, which uses Word\u2019s rendering engine. Bake the button into the image file before you upload it. It\u2019s one less thing to debug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, don\u2019t forget to write alt text that names the video, since a recipient with images off sees only that text. And add a tracking parameter, since the click is your only real metric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Pro Tip:<\/strong> Send the click to a landing page you control rather than straight to YouTube. You keep the recipient in your funnel, you avoid the related-video sidebar pulling them toward a competitor, and you get the analytics.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The faux video method (GIF-based)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Faux video is the same structure with motion. Swap the static thumbnail for a short GIF loop, and the preview animates right there in the inbox while the click still goes to the full video.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;!--&#91;if !mso]&gt;&lt;!--&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YOUR_VIDEO_ID?utm_source=newsletter\" target=\"_blank\"&gt;\n  &lt;img src=\"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/preview-loop.gif\"\n       width=\"600\" alt=\"Watch: product walkthrough preview\"\n       style=\"display:block;width:100%;max-width:600px;border:0;\"&gt;\n&lt;\/a&gt;\n&lt;!--&lt;!&#91;endif]--&gt;\n \n&lt;!--&#91;if mso]&gt;\n&lt;a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YOUR_VIDEO_ID?utm_source=newsletter\"&gt;\n  &lt;img src=\"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/preview-frame-one.jpg\"\n       width=\"600\" alt=\"Watch: product walkthrough preview\"\n       style=\"display:block;border:0;\"&gt;\n&lt;\/a&gt;\n&lt;!&#91;endif]--&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Outlook on Windows displays only the first frame of a GIF, and that conditional block hands it a proper static image instead. Frame one of your GIF should be a finished composition with the play button already visible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-3-outlook-fallback-2x-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Faux video technique using a GIF loop for most clients and a static first frame served to Outlook on Windows through a conditional block\" class=\"wp-image-8873\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-3-outlook-fallback-2x-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-3-outlook-fallback-2x-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-3-outlook-fallback-2x-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-3-outlook-fallback-2x-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-3-outlook-fallback-2x-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-3-outlook-fallback-2x-800x450.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Keep the loop to three or four seconds and compress hard. A GIF past a megabyte slows the render and adds weight you don\u2019t need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The HTML5 video tag (Apple Mail only)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If your list skews heavily toward Apple Mail, real playback is available. Build it with a fallback nested inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;video width=\"600\" controls playsinline\n       poster=\"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/poster.jpg\" style=\"max-width:100%;\"&gt;\n  &lt;source src=\"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/demo.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\"&gt;\n  &lt;a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YOUR_VIDEO_ID\"&gt;\n    &lt;img src=\"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/walkthrough-thumb.jpg\"\n         width=\"600\" alt=\"Watch the product walkthrough\" style=\"border:0;\"&gt;\n  &lt;\/a&gt;\n&lt;\/video&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The nested link covers Gmail, Yahoo, AOL, and Outlook, all of which either replace the tags or strip them while keeping the inner content. Fastmail and 1&amp;1 delete the whole block, so a few recipients see a gap. Add a plain text link below it if that matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skip <code>autoplay<\/code>. Apple Mail on iOS ignores it anyway, and a video that starts playing with sound in a business inbox reads as aggressive advertising rather than a demo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How video affects email deliverability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-4-file-size-2x-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Gmail clips messages past roughly 102KB of code, and campaigns linking to Vimeo averaged 51.63% opens versus 40.17% with no video link\" class=\"wp-image-8874\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-4-file-size-2x-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-4-file-size-2x-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-4-file-size-2x-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-4-file-size-2x-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-4-file-size-2x-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-4-file-size-2x-800x450.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Email marketing with video runs into three separate weight problems, and only one of them is the one people worry about.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Attachments.<\/strong> How to attach a video in an email is the wrong question for marketing mail. An attached file joins the message payload, pushing size into territory where security gateways scan harder and some corporate filters reject outright.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gmail clipping.<\/strong> Gmail truncates messages whose HTML passes roughly 102KB, according to Litmus, and hides the rest behind a \u201cview entire message\u201d link. Hosted image files don\u2019t count toward it; only the code does, including every image URL. A template heavy with inline styles can clip before the video section renders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sender reputation.<\/strong> An image-rich campaign asks more of your domain than a plain text follow-up does, and from a domain with no sending history that combination is a double risk. Before a video email blast goes out, <a href=\"\/product\/warm-up-email\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">make sure your domain can handle a heavier campaign<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Content matters as much as weight. Video-adjacent copy leans on urgency and superlatives, which is what filters score against. Our breakdown of <a href=\"\/blog\/words-that-trigger-spam-filters-and-how-to-fix-them-with-a-template-checker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which words and elements trigger spam filters<\/a> covers the phrases to cut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hosting your video the right way<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Whichever method you use to send a video to email recipients, the file lives somewhere else. Three options, in order of how much control you\u2019re getting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>YouTube.<\/strong> Free and familiar to recipients. The tradeoff is the surrounding interface pulling attention elsewhere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vimeo.<\/strong> Cleaner player, no recommendation sidebar, better for a considered B2B audience.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Your own CDN.<\/strong> Full control over the player, the page, and the data. Pick this if you want the <code>&lt;video&gt;<\/code> tag to work in Apple Mail, since <code>&lt;source&gt;<\/code> needs a direct file URL rather than a platform page.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>GetResponse\u2019s benchmark report, drawn from 4.4 billion messages, found campaigns linking to Vimeo averaged a 51.63% open rate and 6.8% click-through rate, against 40.17% and 3.74% for campaigns with no video link. YouTube landed between them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That means it measures emails that <em>link<\/em> to video, not emails with playback inside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Email client support for video in email<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Client<\/th><th>HTML5 <code>&lt;video&gt;<\/code><\/th><th>What happens<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Apple Mail (macOS, iOS)<\/td><td>Plays<\/td><td>iOS needs <code>controls<\/code>; <code>autoplay<\/code> is ignored<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gmail (all platforms)<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Tags become empty <code>&lt;u&gt;&lt;\/u&gt;<\/code>; nested fallback shows<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outlook (Windows, Outlook.com)<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Element renders but a strict CSP blocks playback<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yahoo Mail and AOL<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Tags stripped, fallback content displayed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fastmail, 1&amp;1<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Element and all nested content removed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The thumbnail and faux-video methods are images and links, which is why they\u2019ll render in all of the above without exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-2-client-support-2x-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Email client support chart for video HTML5 tag: Apple Mail plays it, Gmail replaces the tags with empty u tags, Yahoo and AOL strip them, Fastmail and 1&amp;1 delete the nested fallback\" class=\"wp-image-8872\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-2-client-support-2x-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-2-client-support-2x-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-2-client-support-2x-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-2-client-support-2x-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-2-client-support-2x-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Warmy-Video-2-client-support-2x-800x450.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common mistakes that hurt deliverability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Attaching the file.<\/strong> It inflates the message and trips filters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pasting embed code.<\/strong> How to insert a video into an email using an iframe or a script doesn\u2019t work anywhere. Both get stripped.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CSS-positioned play buttons.<\/strong> They collapse in Outlook and leave a naked thumbnail.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uncompressed GIFs.<\/strong> A multi-megabyte loop slows rendering and pushes a template toward clipping.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Autoplay with sound.<\/strong> Apple Mail ignores it on iOS, and nobody has ever thanked a brand for it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No alt text.<\/strong> With images blocked, the recipient sees an empty box and nothing to click.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skipping the first-frame check.<\/strong> Outlook shows frame one, and a blank stage is an embarrassing thing to ship.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sending from a cold domain.<\/strong> Heavy campaigns need a reputation behind them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre-send testing checklist<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Render across clients.<\/strong> Check Apple Mail, Gmail, Outlook Windows, and one mobile client at minimum. That\u2019s the floor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Check frame one.<\/strong> Open the message in Outlook and confirm the static frame looks finished.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Click every link.<\/strong> Confirm the tracking parameter carries through to the destination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Measure the HTML size.<\/strong> Keep it under 102KB. If you\u2019re anywhere near the line, <a href=\"\/blog\/email-sizes-the-best-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">check the file-size limits for your whole template<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scan the content.<\/strong> <a href=\"\/free-tools\/template-checker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Test your video-embedded email before you hit send<\/a>, particularly checking link density and formatting problems that a visual pass misses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Send to a seed list.<\/strong> Image-heavy campaigns don\u2019t always land where your usual sends do.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Email marketing videos work once you stop trying to play them in the inbox. A linked thumbnail with a baked-in play button covers every client. A GIF loop adds motion, and Outlook quietly falls back to a still frame. The <code>&lt;video&gt;<\/code> tag is worth it only for an Apple-heavy list, and only with a nested fallback.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The deliverability side comes down to weight and reputation. Host the file, keep the HTML lean, and give the domain enough sending history before you send anything image-heavy to a real list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Book a demo<\/a> and see how Warmy protects inbox placement for campaigns that carry more than plain text.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TL;DR: Real video playback only works in Apple Mail, which leaves two techniques that hold up everywhere: a clickable thumbnail linking to a hosted video, or a short GIF loop that fakes the playback. Both keep the file outside the message, and that&#8217;s what protects deliverability. Attaching a video is the one move that reliably [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-email-best-practices"],"acf":[],"lang":"en","translations":{"en":8870},"pll_sync_post":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8870"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8877,"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8870\/revisions\/8877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.warmy.io\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}